Hello everyone, in this mini lesson we will be discussing how computers efficiently store and retrieve data. Computers store data using binary code, which consists of 1s and 0s. This binary code is then stored and organized in different levels of memory hierarchy in the computer. The fastest type of memory is the CPU cache, followed by RAM (Random Access Memory), and then secondary storage devices like hard drives and SSDs. When the computer needs to retrieve data, it first checks the CPU cache for the information it needs. If the data is not found there, it moves on to the RAM. If the information is not in RAM either, the computer accesses the data from the secondary storage devices. This process is known as memory hierarchy and allows computers to quickly retrieve the data they need. To further enhance data retrieval efficiency, computers also use algorithms and data structures. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures for calculations or problem-solving, while data structures organize and store data in a specific way to facilitate efficient access and modification. By understanding how computers store and retrieve data efficiently through memory hierarchy, algorithms, and data structures, we can optimize our programs and systems for better performance. Thank you for watching this mini lesson on computer science knowledge.