Did you know that the first animal to orbit Earth was a dog named Laika? Laika traveled aboard the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2 in 1957, paving the way for human space travel. The Apollo 11 mission, which successfully landed humans on the moon in 1969, was made possible by the Saturn V rocket. This powerful rocket stood over 360 feet tall and remains the largest and most powerful rocket ever built. Astronauts experience space fog while in orbit, a phenomenon where their cognitive abilities can be temporarily impaired due to the lack of gravity affecting blood flow to the brain. This can lead to forgetfulness and difficulty focusing on tasks. Earth's atmosphere continues for hundreds of miles above its surface, gradually thinning and merging with outer space. The border between Earth's atmosphere and outer space is known as the Kármán line, located approximately 62 miles above sea level. In 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to travel to space aboard Vostok 6. She orbited Earth 48 times during her mission, making her a pioneer in space exploration for women. The International Space Station (ISS) orbits Earth at an average altitude of 250 miles, traveling at a speed of 17,500 miles per hour. This incredible engineering feat allows astronauts to conduct research and live in space for extended periods.