Acids and bases are two fundamental categories of chemical substances that play key roles in many chemical and biological processes. An acid is a substance that donates protons (H+) in a chemical reaction, while a base is a substance that accepts protons or donates hydroxide ions (OH-). The strength of an acid or base is determined by its ability to donate or accept protons. One common way to measure the strength of an acid or base is through the pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14. Acids have pH values lower than 7, while bases have pH values higher than 7. A neutral solution, such as pure water, has a pH of 7. Acids and bases can react with each other in a chemical reaction called neutralization, in which the products are typically water and a salt. This reaction is a key concept in understanding how acids and bases interact in various applications, such as in the human body to maintain proper pH levels in blood or in industrial processes to control the acidity of a solution. Understanding the basic properties and behaviors of acids and bases is essential for students studying chemistry, as it provides a foundation for more complex topics in the field. By grasping these fundamental concepts, students can better comprehend the role of acids and bases in the world around them.