Binary search is a fundamental algorithm used in computer science to efficiently locate a target value within a sorted array. The algorithm works by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half. At each step, it compares the target value with the middle element of the array. If the target value matches the middle element, the search is successful. If the target value is less than the middle element, the search continues in the lower half of the array. If the target value is greater, the search continues in the upper half. Binary search has a time complexity of O(log n), where n is the number of elements in the array. This means that the algorithm can quickly find the target value even in large datasets, making it incredibly efficient for searching operations. However, binary search requires the array to be sorted beforehand, which can be a downside if the data is frequently changing. Overall, binary search is a powerful algorithm that showcases the efficiency and elegance of computer science concepts. It is widely used in various applications, including search engines, databases, and networking protocols. Understanding and mastering binary search can greatly enhance one's problem-solving skills in the field of computer science.