Sedimentary rocks are formed through the process of weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation. Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller pieces, which are then carried away by wind, water, or ice through erosion. These sediments are then deposited in layers in bodies of water or on land. Over time, as more and more sediment accumulates, the weight and pressure from the layers above causes the sediments to compact. This compaction squeezes out any remaining water and air spaces between the particles, creating a solid rock mass. Cementation occurs when minerals such as quartz or calcite dissolve in the remaining water and bind the sediment particles together, forming a coherent rock structure. Examples of sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, shale, and conglomerate, each with unique characteristics based on their composition and formation process. Studying sedimentary rocks can provide valuable information about Earth's history and the environment in which they formed, making them an important tool for geologists in understanding past climates, ecosystems, and geological events.