3)The message is the encoding-process outcome, which consists of verbal and nonverbal symbols that have been developed to convey meaning to the receiver.4)Decoding is the process of translating the symbols into the interpreted message.Effective communication results in the senders and receivers achieving a common meaning.The receiver needs to consider the medium and the context of the message.B) The receiver needs to consider the medium and the context of the message.C)Feedback is the basic response of the receiver to the interpreted message.The receiver becomes the sender during feedback.Feedback provides preliminary information to the sender about the success of the communication.Barriers to Effective Interpersonal CommunicationFiltering is the deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to the receiver.As information is communicated up through the organizational levels, it’s condensed and synthesized, and those doing the condensing filter communication through their personal interests and perceptions of what is important.Selective perception is when people selectively interpret what they see or hear on the basis of their interests, background, experience, and attitudes.Emotions influence how a receiver interprets a message when it is received. It’s best to avoid reacting to a message when the receiver is upset because he/she is not likely to be thinking clearly.5)Defensiveness—engaging in behaviors such as verbally attacking others, making sarcastic remarks, being overly judgmental, and questioning others’ motives—happens when people feel that they’re being threaten6Language—words mean different things to different people.Age, education, and cultural background can influence language use and definition given to wordsJargon is specialized terminology or technical language that members of a group use to communicate among themselves.Overcoming the Barriers to Effective Interpersonal CommunicationUse feedback. This feedback can be verbal or nonverbal.Simplify language.Listen actively.Key Elements of Managerial CommunicationVerbal communicationNon-verbal communicationWritten communicationCommunication Channels in ManagementFormal vs. Informal communicationUpward, downward, and lateral communicationCrisis Communication in ManagementStrategies for handling crisesImportance of transparent communication during challengesCross-Cultural Communication in ManagementNavigating cultural differencesBuilding inclusive communication practices