The hypothalamus, a small region of the brain located below the thalamus, plays a crucial role in controlling hunger and satiety. It contains specialized cells called neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, which are responsible for stimulating appetite and increasing food intake. Conversely, there are also pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the hypothalamus that help to suppress appetite and promote feelings of fullness. When the body is in need of energy, such as during fasting or low blood sugar levels, NPY neurons in the hypothalamus are activated, leading to an increase in hunger and food-seeking behaviors. On the other hand, after eating a meal, POMC neurons are activated, signaling to the body that it is full and reducing the desire to eat. Disruptions in the functioning of these hunger and satiety pathways in the hypothalamus can lead to various eating disorders, such as obesity or anorexia nervosa. Understanding the role of the hypothalamus in regulating hunger and satiety is crucial for developing effective treatments for these conditions and promoting overall health and wellbeing.