Binary search is a fundamental algorithm in computer science used for searching sorted arrays efficiently. It works by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half. Here's how it works: 1. Compare the middle element of the array with the target value. 2. If the middle element is equal to the target, return the index. 3. If the target is less than the middle element, repeat the search on the left subarray. 4. If the target is greater than the middle element, repeat the search on the right subarray. Binary search has a time complexity of O(log n), making it much faster than linear search for large arrays. However, it requires the array to be sorted, which can be a limitation in some cases. Overall, understanding the binary search algorithm is crucial for any programmer as it demonstrates the importance of efficient searching techniques in solving real-world problems. By mastering this algorithm, programmers can optimize their code and improve the performance of their applications.