Managerial Levels And SkillsTop Managers:are those managers at the very top level of hierarchy who have the most authority and who are ultimately responsible for the entite organization.They are those who are responsible for making wide- organization decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization. These individuals typically have titles such as executive vice president ,managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer.Middle Managers: are those manager beneath the top- level of hierarchy and directly supervise other managers below them .lt includes all levels of management between the first- line level and the top level of the organization .These managers manage the work of first-line manager and may have titles such as department head, project leader ,plant managers and division manager.Functions of Management:PlanningOrganizingLeadingControllingPlanning tend to be more important for top managers.Controlling tends to be more important for both top and middle level managers.Leading is more important for first line manager.Controlling is important among all level of of hierarchy.Management skills,knowledge and performanceManager need knowledge based. This knowledge base provides context for managers activities.Manager needs three types of key skills to performs the duties and activities associated with being a manager.Technical skillsare skills that reflects both understanding of a proficiency in a specialized field.Human skillsare associated with a managers abilities to work well with others both as a member of member of group are leader who get things done through others.Conceptual skillsare skills related to ability to visualize the organization as a whole , discern interrelationship among organizational parts.Analyse by peter Drucker.Effectiveness is the ability to choose appropriate and achieve goals.Efficiency is the ability to make the best use of available resources in the process of acheiving goals.Managing in 21st century:The world of busseniss has changed dramatically in the past generation or so.continuous improvements have been implemented in many bussiness. Global competition.