Stock market volatility refers to the degree of variation in trading price over a certain period. It is a common occurrence in the financial markets and can be caused by various factors such as economic indicators, political events, or investor sentiment. High volatility can lead to rapid price changes and increased risk for investors, while low volatility may result in slower price movements and lower risk. Traders often use volatility as a measure of risk when making investment decisions. One popular tool for measuring volatility is the VIX index, which tracks the implied volatility of S&P 500 index options. Another common indicator is the beta coefficient, which measures a stock's volatility compared to the overall market. While high volatility can present opportunities for traders to profit from price fluctuations, it also increases the risk of significant losses. It is important for investors to understand and manage volatility when making investment decisions in the stock market.