Mumps is a highly contagious viral infection primarily affecting the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands situated below and in front of the ears. Caused by the mumps virus, it spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or direct contact with infected individuals.Symptoms typically appear 12-25 days after exposure and include fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, loss of appetite, and swelling and pain in the salivary glands, resulting in a characteristic swollen appearance of the cheeks or jaw. In some cases, mumps can lead to complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, orchitis (inflammation of the testicles), oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries), and deafness.Diagnosis is usually based on clinical symptoms, though laboratory tests like viral culture or PCR may confirm the presence of the virus.Treatment mainly focuses on relieving symptoms, as mumps is a viral infection and antibiotics are ineffective. Patients are advised to rest, stay hydrated, and manage pain and fever with over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Applying warm or cold compresses to the swollen glands can also help alleviate discomfort.Prevention is key in controlling mumps outbreaks. The most effective means of prevention is vaccination with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. The MMR vaccine provides immunity against mumps and is typically administered in two doses, the first around 12-15 months of age and the second between 4-6 years.In recent years, there has been a resurgence of mumps in some communities, attributed in part to waning immunity among vaccinated individuals and pockets of unvaccinated individuals. Therefore, maintaining high vaccination coverage is essential in preventing mumps outbreaks and reducing the risk of complications associated with the disease.Prompt diagnosis, appropriate management of symptoms, and vaccination are crucial in controlling the spread of mumps and minimizing its impact on affected individuals and communities. It's important for healthcare professionals to stay vigilant and educate the public about the importance of vaccination and proper hygiene practices to prevent the transmission of mumps and other infectious diseases.