Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and eyes. The exact mode of transmission is unclear, but prolonged close contact with untreated individuals is considered a risk factor.Symptoms of leprosy vary depending on the type and severity of the disease. The most common forms are tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. Tuberculoid leprosy presents with hypo-pigmented skin lesions, numbness, and nerve damage, leading to muscle weakness and loss of sensation. In contrast, lepromatous leprosy manifests as widespread skin lesions, nodules, and thickened skin, along with sensory loss and nerve damage.Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent complications and disabilities associated with leprosy. Multidrug therapy (MDT) is the standard treatment recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). MDT typically involves a combination of antibiotics such as dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine, administered over a period of six to twelve months, depending on the severity of the disease.In addition to antibiotics, supportive care is essential to manage complications and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by leprosy. This may include wound care, physiotherapy, and counseling to address social stigma and psychological issues associated with the disease.Preventive measures focus on early detection and treatment of cases, as well as contact tracing and prophylactic treatment for individuals in close contact with leprosy patients. Health education and community awareness programs play a vital role in reducing the stigma and discrimination associated with leprosy, thereby promoting early diagnosis and treatment-seeking behavior.Overall, leprosy remains a significant public health concern in certain regions of the world, but with timely intervention and comprehensive management strategies, its impact can be minimized, and affected individuals can lead productive lives.