Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that explains how the Earth's outer shell is divided into several large plates that float on the semi-fluid mantle beneath them. These plates are in constant motion, driven by the heat generated from the Earth's core. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries. Divergent boundaries occur where two plates move away from each other, creating new crust by volcanic activity. Convergent boundaries happen when two plates collide, leading to subduction or mountain formation. Transform boundaries occur when two plates slide past each other horizontally. The movement of these plates has a profound effect on Earth's landscape, causing earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountain ranges. For example, the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate created the Himalayas, the tallest mountains on Earth. Understanding plate tectonics is crucial for predicting natural disasters and the formation of valuable geological resources. It also helps scientists piece together the Earth's geological history and how it has shaped the planet we live on today.