Plate tectonics is a geological theory that explains the movement of the Earth's lithosphere. It states that the Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere below. These plates move due to convection currents in the mantle, causing tectonic activity such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries, where plates move apart; convergent boundaries, where plates collide and subduction occurs; and transform boundaries, where plates slide past each other. The movement at these boundaries is responsible for shaping the Earth's surface and creating geological features like mid-ocean ridges, deep-sea trenches, and mountain ranges. Plate tectonics also plays a crucial role in the distribution of natural resources, as mineral deposits are often found at plate boundaries where tectonic activity concentrates them. Additionally, the theory helps us understand the distribution of plants and animals across the globe, as the movement of continents has influenced the evolution and dispersal of species over millions of years. Overall, plate tectonics provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamic processes that have shaped our planet's geology and continue to influence its landscape today.