Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including the diversity within species (genetic diversity), between species (species diversity), and within ecosystems (ecosystem diversity). It encompasses all forms of life, from plants and animals to microorganisms, and the complex interactions among them in different habitats.Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining ecosystem stability and health, as it supports functions like pollination, nutrient cycling, water purification, and climate regulation. It also provides resources like food, medicine, and materials for humans, making it essential for the sustainability of life on the planet.The loss of biodiversity, often due to human activities such as deforestation, pollution, climate change, and habitat destruction, can disrupt ecosystems and reduce the availability of these vital resources.